Assessment of flash flood hazards on urban development in Dhurma City Using simulation modeling and geospatial technologies
Abstract
Hydrological and hydraulic modeling are among the most important methods for simulating flood risks within urban areas. This study aims to model the flood risks of Dhurma City, Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia. This city suffers from frequent flooding due to its location at the mouth of valleys and valleys west of the Tuwaiq Mountains. The study also aims to develop a digital map of the severity and degree of flood risks in the study area and develop proposed solutions to reduce the risks of these floods. To achieve the study objectives, simulation models and geospatial techniques were combined, represented by the use of the Water Basin Modeling (WMS) program and the hydrological model (HEC-HMS) to extract the hydrograph unit and maximum flow for the study basins, and the application of the two-dimensional hydraulic model (HEC-RAS) within the urban area to determine the speed, limits, and depth of surface runoff. Finally, the study reached results including the exposure of the city of Dhurma to the risks of recurring floods due to its location at the mouths of number of valleys, namely Shuaib Al-Murir, Al-Humaid, Aba Al-Qarawa, and Wadi Al-Batin, which led to the exposure of about (5.70) km2 of the urban area to floods, i.e. (15)% of the total area of the urban area and the neighborhoods exposed to floods (Al-Maarid, Al-Deira, Al-Nahda, Al-Muntazah, Al-Yamamah, Al-Batin, and the College of Humanities). Among the results are the design and modeling of flood maps and the speed and depth of floods for the city. The study recommended the establishment of a group of facilities to ward off flood risks for the city of Dhurma.
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