Epidemiology and Treatment Patterns of Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Study in Bani Walid

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a prevalent bacterium, infecting approximately 50% of the global population, with humans as the primary reservoir. The prevalence of H. pylori infection varies significantly by geographic region, age, race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (SES), with higher rates in developing countries and among children. Improved hygiene practices have contributed to a decline in infection rates. H. pylori is a known cause of chronic gastritis and is associated with serious gastrointestinal diseases, including duodenal ulcers and gastric cancer. Since its discovery in 1982 by Warren and Marshall, extensive research has been conducted on H. pylori.

Recent studies indicate that tobacco use, and alcohol consumption are not significant risk factors for H. pylori infection. Adequate nutrition, particularly the consumption of fruits, vegetables, and vitamin C, appears to offer protection against the infection. Conversely, food prepared under suboptimal conditions or exposed to contaminated water or soil increases the risk. Poor sanitation, low social class, and crowded living conditions are strongly associated with higher H. pylori prevalence, suggesting that these factors facilitate transmission within families and institutions.

Understanding the transmission routes of H. pylori is crucial for public health interventions.