Monitoring of Carbamate and Synthetic Pyrethroids pesticides in ground water at East Libya
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58916/jhas.v10i1.656Keywords:
pesticide residues - carbamates - carbaryl - industrial pyrethroids - groundwater - eastern Libya.Abstract
Groundwater is a vital resource for agriculture in Libya, providing irrigation water for crops and drinking water for communities. However, sustainable and traditional agriculture in Libya can contribute to groundwater pollution through the use of fertilizers, pesticides, and animal waste. This research evaluated pollution and monitored residues of commonly used carbamate and pyrethroid pesticides( (oxamyl, bendiocarb, carbofuran, Carbaryl, thiocarb, permethrin, deltamethrin, and cypermethrin) in Eastern Libya across seven regions. Residues were estimated using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and the solid-phase extraction (SPE) method was employed. The risks posed by these pesticides were discussed, highlighting their potential effects on human health. and the environment. The assessment results showed that the detection limits ranged from 0.009 to 0.017 mg/L, with recovery rates between 75-90% and relative standard deviation ranging from 15-25%. Of the analyzed samples, 83.31% were found to be free of the tested pesticides, while 16.7% were contaminated. Furthermore, 4.16% of the total samples had residue levels above the maximum residual concentrations limits(MCL), with carbaryl residues exceeding the risk threshold in the Jards and Massa regions at average concentrations of 0.03 ppm and 0.02 ppm, respectively. The results indicated that surface water was more polluted than groundwater wells. It was confirmed that consumers of surface water in the eastern region, particularly in Jards and Massa, are exposed to concentrations of pesticides that could lead to chronic diseases associated with the presence of carbaryl.
Based on the study findings, there is a need to monitor pesticide residues from all groups in water to protect the final consumer from the unregulated use of pesticides. Additionally, there should be future long-term studies to gain deeper insights into the compliance of water in Libya with health standards concerning pesticide use and their presence in water sources.
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